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A laser blast produces miniature diamonds from plain-old plastic — the same kind used in soda bottles. When squeezed to about a million times Earth’s atmospheric pressure and heated to thousands of degrees Celsius, polyethylene terephthalate, or PET, forms nanodiamonds, physicist Dominik Kraus and colleagues report. Each laser blast in their experiment sent a shock wave careening through the plastic, amping up the pressure and temperature within (as illustrated above; laser shown in green). Probing the material with bursts of X-rays ( red) revealed that nanodiamonds (inset) had formed. Ice giant planets, such as Neptune and Uranus, have similar temperatures, pressures and combinations of chemical elements as the materials in the study, suggesting that diamonds may rain down in those planets’ interiors (lower right). What’s more, the researchers say, the new technique could be used to manufacture nanodiamonds for use in quantum devices and other applications. Nanodiamonds are commonly produced using explosives, Kraus says, but that is not an easy process to control. The new technique could create nanodiamonds that are more easily tailored for particular uses, such as quantum devices made using diamond with defects. (🎨: HZDR/Blaurock) #science #physics #laser #diamond #nanodiamond #planetaryscience #uranus #neptune #plastic

In a two-star system about 160,000 light-years away from Earth in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the larger star is stretched and pulled by its companion’s gravity as shown in the illustration. That gravitational tug-of-war causes the star’s brightness to change drastically and rhythmically. Now, a computer simulation suggests that this steady heartbeat of starlight is caused by giant tidal waves undulating and breaking on the star’s surface. Waves would occur about once a month, as the two stars orbit each other and pass near enough that gravitational forces raise tides on both stars’ surfaces, scientists suspect based on the simulation (see second image), much the way the moon tugs on Earth’s oceans. On the stars, though, that tug would be substantially more extreme. The larger star is around 35 times the mass of the sun. The smaller one is around 10 solar masses. And the waves may reach up to 3.3 million kilometers tall or three times the sun’s diameter. (🎨, first illustration: Melissa Weiss/CFA, 📸, second image: M. Macleod and A. Loeb/Nature Astronomy 2023 ) #space #stars #astronomy #gravity #physics