Getting prequalified for a mortgage can help you understand your homebuying budget, but it’s not a full commitment from the lender, or something you can use to start making offers on properties. Here’s what to know.

What is mortgage prequalification?

Mortgage prequalification signifies that a mortgage lender has collected some basic financial information about you, and sometimes completed a credit check, to estimate how much house you can afford.

To prequalify for a mortgage, you’ll need to provide the lender with some information about your finances, including your income, any debt you have and basic details about your bank accounts. You’ll likely need to let the lender know how much you’re hoping to borrow, as well, along with how much you plan to contribute toward a down payment. If you’ve been through a bankruptcy or foreclosure, expect to be asked about that, too — depending on the type of loan, you might need to wait for some time to pass before being eligible to qualify for a mortgage.

Discussing a prequalification with a lender from the outset can also give you the information you need to improve your credit or finances so that when the time comes, you might qualify for a bigger loan or better terms.

Prequalification is a fairly quick process, with information you’ll likely know off the top of your head.“Prequalification is an early step in obtaining financing,” says Will Reynolds, a real estate agent based in Nashville, Tennessee. “This is not a guarantee of a loan, but simply a first, but very important step, in the process.”Applying for the actual mortgage will come later, after you obtain a loan preapproval and your offer on a property has been accepted.

Mortgage prequalification vs. preapproval

For a prequalification, lenders generally take you at your word about your financial situation, rather than reviewing documentation as with a preapproval. A prequalification can help you get a sense of what you can afford, but it doesn’t guarantee you’ll get approved. Here are the key differences:

Mortgage prequalification

• What you need to submit: Basic financial information about how much you earn, how much you want to borrow and how much you want to put down; in some cases, a credit check is required
• How long it takes: Very fast — a few minutes
• Why it matters: You’ll have a good idea of what you can afford

Mortgage preapproval

• What you need to submit: A full under-the-hood look at your income, debt, bank accounts, tax filings and credit
• How long it takes: Longer with most lenders — in some cases, 10 days, although many online lenders offer preapprovals within a couple of minutes
• Why it matters: You’ll have evidence that you’re a serious buyer with financing lined up

While these two terms sound similar, a preapproval generally carries greater weight and more detail about the loan you’ll be approved for. You’ll need a preapproval letter in hand before you even consider making an offer on a home.

A prequalification, on the other hand, can help you determine what price range of homes you should be considering, and many times there is no cost or fee involved. When you really want to buy a home, the preapproval letter provides more concrete proof that you can make the deal happen.

Getting preapproved tends to take more time than getting prequalified, too, because the lender reviews much more documentation. A lender will examine your debt, your tax returns and a range of other indicators that help them assess your ability to repay the loan.

“Unlike prequalification, preapproval is a more specific estimate of what you could borrow from your lender and requires documents such as your W-2s, recent pay stubs, bank statements and tax returns,” says Reynolds. “The lender will then use these documents to determine exactly how much you can be preapproved to borrow.”

How to prequalify for a mortgage

While every mortgage lender is different, most prospective homebuyers seek a mortgage prequalification online or by phone. Most, if not all, of the information needed will be things you’ll know without much research, including how much money you make, where you work and your Social Security number.

The process is quick, too. Input everything, and you should have your answer within a matter of minutes. Given the speed of the process, you could get prequalified soon after deciding you want to buy a home.

Does getting prequalified affect your credit score?

It depends. Ask mortgage lenders how they structure their mortgage prequalification process and whether it will include a credit check.

When you’re comparing mortgage offers, credit checks are usually counted as one inquiry on your credit report, provided you apply for prequalification (or preapproval, if the prequalification didn’t pull your report) within a short time frame, generally 30 days to 45 days. If you’re shopping around for rate quotes from multiple lenders — which you should definitely do — it should have a limited impact on your credit.

Next steps in the mortgage process

Once you’ve been prequalified and are ready to actively look for a home, get preapproved. Preapproval is more involved than prequalification and involves providing a lot of paperwork and documentation to help your lender get a full assessment of your financial situation. Once you’re preapproved, you’ll be in a great place to start making offers on homes, submit your final loan application and complete the purchase.